College Should Live On Campus - 885 Words

Figuring out whether a college should live on campus or live in an apartment is a big decision during their college years. The student has so many decisions to make and this is just another decision to make on the road to their future. Many aspects must be looked at when deciding to live on campus or live off campus such as expense, student life and proximity to campus and these are just some parts of the whole equation. Both living on campus and living off campus have their pros and cons, the option the student chooses is based on where you feel most comfortable and where you will get the most out of your college experience. First thing the student must look at when deciding on their living accommodations is expense. Living on campus provides the student with a bed, food, and most of the time free entertainment. While living off campus the student encounters many different expenses than they would living on campus for example, the housing fee on campus is one fee. As compared to liv ing off campus which requires different payments like rent, electricity, water and more. Similarly all these bills must be paid for in one way or another, whether it be through one payment or several. Another expense that comes up when comparing on or off campus is the student s food bill. On campus there is usually some sort of meal plan where the students swipe a card at a restaurant or use it in the cafeteria. Living off campus the student must find their own food, if they can cook for thanShow MoreRelatedBanning Guns On A College Campus1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthat allow guns on a college campus (Armed Campus). Texas, Tennessee, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado, are the states included in this fact. If people would allow guns on a college campus, there would be less violence. Campuses are targets for violence since students cannot carry a gun to scare off a shooter, and it is also Americans’ second Amendment right to carry a gun. 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Methods And Findings Based On Literature Review Essay

Methods and Findings Based on Literature Review Gunten et al. (2012) conducted a quantitative study of 593 third-year medical students from July 2002 to December 2007. A pre-and post-instruction performance on knowledge, confidence, and concerns, regarding end of life care and palliative care measures was evaluated. The intervention required a 32 hour didactic and experiential curriculum. The results showed a â€Å"23% improvement in knowledge (F1,486 = 881, p 0.001), 56% improvement in self-reported competence (F1,486 = 2,804, p 0.001), and 29% decrease in self-reported concern (F1,486 = 208, p 0.001)† (p. 1198). Pesut et al. (2015) utilized a mix-method convergent parallel design study to evaluate the outcomes of an educational intervention of 22 rural nurses and 13 healthcare workers (sample) in palliative care. A pre and post-test analysis was completed and it demonstrated that healthcare providers had a statistically significant knowledge gain in many areas of palliative care. For instance, there was an increase in seven of ten palliative care competence dimensions, including pain needs, spiritual needs, and communication. Also, there was an improvement in the nurses’ self-perceived knowledge in three of twelve domains. It was also demonstrated that there was an improvement in communication among the healthcare team. The study concluded that an educational intervention could improve not only the knowledge but also the competence in nurses and healthcare providers.Show MoreRelatedStandardization in International Marketing Strategy Is Doomed to Failure: Literature Review and Methodol ogical Critique1577 Words   |  7 PagesStandardization in International Marketing Strategy is doomed to failure: Literature review and methodological critique. 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Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(120) " requires that cost analysis be conducted to mensurate the repeating direct and indirect cost of supplying the service\." Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is defined as the irreversible loss of kidney map and can be categorized as symptomless kidney harm with mild nephritic disfunction or end-stage nephritic disease ( ESRD ) . ESRD finally consequences in decease without nephritic replacing therapy, which can be either nephritic organ transplant or dialysis. Nephritic replacing therapy as a intervention protocol identifies that, at end-stage nephritic disease, the optimum intervention is kidney organ transplant, as dialysis can non retroflex the biosynthetic and metabolic activities of the normal kidney ( Haller, Gutjahr, Kramar, Harnoncourt, A ; Oberbauer, 2011 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now End-stage nephritic diseases and its precursor CKD are globally emerging as a important public wellness job, with increasing morbidity and mortality every bit good as economic deductions for health care, ( Szucsa, Sandoza, A ; Keuschb, 2004 ) . The World Health Organization 2002 estimation indicated that globally CKD contributes to over 850 000 deceases and over 15 million disability-adjusted life old ages, with epidemic rise of ESRD in multiple parts in the universe. The study notes that by 2010 more than 2 million people will necessitate care dialysis worldwide, ( WHO, 2003 ) . In St. Lucia, chronic nephritic inadequacy as a consequence of diabetes, high blood pressure, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and reaping hook cell disease are the chief grounds for get downing dialysis intervention in patients with kidney map failure. This is similar to the findings of PeroviA†¡ and JankoviA†¡ ( 2009 ) . Zelmer ( 2007 ) postulates that non merely is ESRD a chronic disease with important morbidity impact, but it besides involves high-cost intervention options. These options are frequently limited in developing states such as St. Lucia, where available options include haemodialysis or the aggressive direction of hazard factors to detain patterned advance of ESRD. Global estimations indicate that about 30 % of patients with ESRD are as a effect of diabetic nephropathy [ commendation ] . In St. Lucia, the figure is significantly higher, stand foring 41 % of the ESRD patients who have received haemodialysis for the period 2002-2009. At the terminal of that 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2009 ) mortality rate among that population was every bit high as 53 % with mean age at decease being 57 old ages. These statistical figures indicate that ESRD among diabetics is a serious wellness concern with inauspicious clinical results that straight impact quality of life while bring forthing significant medical costs. The economic force per unit areas of ESRD intervention on the corporate wellness system are good documented. Haller et Al. ( 2011 ) identifies it as resource intensifier, necessitating significant sums of finite health care financess to handle a little per centum of the population. In 2005 entirely, attention for ESRD patients in Canada represented 1.2 % of all healthcare outgo, despite an incidence of 0.092 % , ( Zelmer, 2007 ) . Less than 0.06 % of St. Lucians have ESRD, yet the disease generated direct health care cost is important compared to other diseases. In 2008, the direct health care cost of ESRD was $ 2.2 million EC, about 5 % of the health care outgo, the economic weight of which was borne chiefly by the authorities. These findings indicate that the economic sciences of ESRD therapies are a little but instead expensive section within the overall health care proviso in any state. Yet cost-effectiveness surveies of the modes of intervention are few ( Haller, 2011 ) . Cost-effectiveness is the fastest turning field in wellness research and it embodies a signifier of full economic rating that looks at cost and effect of wellness programmes or intervention ( Muennig, 2008 ) . Using the definition by Palmer ( 2005 ) that states â€Å" cost-effectiveness surveies compare costs with clinical results measured in natural units, like life anticipation or old ages of diseases avoided † , Glassock ( 2010 ) noted that the entirety of costs may non needfully be captured. However, it is a utile tool with pertinence for the enconomic anlaysis of issues within the wellness system. Cost-effectiveness analysis ( CEA ) of intercession programmes as a valuable tool employed by decision-makers can be used to measure every bit Wellss as perchance better how the wellness system operates. Its application allows policy shapers to place which intercessions provide the highest â€Å" value for money † and help in assisting to choose intercessions and programmes that maximize wellness for the available resources. Health economic experts are able to buy the most wellness under a fixed budget, prioritising services within the wellness sector. CEA hence requires information on the extent to which current and possible intercessions improve population wellness, i.e. , effectivity and the resources required to implement the intercessions, i.e. , costs, ( Muennig, 2008 ) . The inclusion of cost agencies that the design of the survey will integrate cost-unit analysis as a tool to analyze the economic impact of the proviso of the service of dialysis for terminal phase nephritic patients with diabetes and cost effectivity to find the quality adjusted life twelvemonth ( QALYs ) or wellness related quality of life ( HRQoL ) for that population. The chief result step will concentrate on costs per quality-adjusted life old ages ( QALYs ) , similar to a survey conducted in Austria ( Haller et al. , 2011 ) . QALYs were estimated utilizing the 15D, a generic standardised instrument to mensurate wellness related quality of life, ( Sintonen, 2001 ) . Cost will be viewed from the position of direct disbursement on wellness attention for dialysis, coupled with the indirect costs of productiveness losingss due to premature decease and short- and long-run disablement. The impact of mortality costs as the amount of the discounted present value of current and future productiveness losingss from premature deceases will be measured from an incident-based human capital attack, pulling from a similar survey conducted in Canada in 2000 ( Zelmer, 2007 ) . Muennig ( 2008 ) posits that because it is frequently hard to account for all cost, and the clip and resource restraints associated with micro-costing, certain premises as relates to costs are frequently made during cost-effectiveness analysis. This survey employs the usage of a authorities position to analyse the cost effectivity of dialysis for terminal phase nephritic patients with diabetes in St. Lucia. This requires that cost analysis be conducted to mensurate the repeating direct and indirect cost of supplying the service. You read "Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In the part, specifically in the state under survey, wellness attention organisations seldom know the cost of the service provided and seldom employ the tools needed to measure that cost on a regular footing. In a globally runing economic society, economic tendencies have made it imperative for both net income and non-profit organisations that provide services, including authorities bureaus, to measure the cost of clinical services provided. Finance for wellness is non infinite and with significant budget cuts in the wellness service industry, there is increasing force per unit area for wellness atten tion installations to go more accountable and be more efficient with the financess allocated to wellness attention ( Basch, 1999 ) . Health economic sciences recognises the demand for wellness services to be provided in a mode that is non merely efficient but sustainable. Measuring, understanding and documenting the cost of services makes it easier to better cost-efficiency of these services, while foregrounding the support demands of the sector and by extension the authorities. It besides provides an chance to set up fees for clients that are based on realistic site costs. Previous surveies on cost-effectiveness of intervention options for ESRD have compared different modes of dialysis or organ transplant, [ commendation ] . The analysis of haemodialysis versus pharmaceutical direction to detain ESRD patterned advance flexible joints on the fact that the current capacity of the Renal Unit in St. Lucia can non supply dialysis for all ESRD patients. But it is rather clear that haemodialysis like pharmaceutical direction is non the optimum intervention option for ESRD as the optimum protocol is organ transplant. The wellness system in St. Lucia is mandated by its aims to better the wellness of the population and accordingly needs to guarantee that its limited resources are non devoted to expensive intercessions with little effects on population wellness, while at the same clip low cost intercessions with potentially greater benefits are non to the full implemented. While old research has been conducted to place the economic impact of the estimated health-care costs for ESRD, every bit good as the cost-effectiveness of assorted options for nephritic replacing therapies, similar surveies have non been replicated in the resource strapped Eastern Caribbean. This survey wishes to concentrate on the cost-effectiveness of haemodialysis among type 2 diabetics in St. Lucia over an 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2008 ) . Using the usage of CEA, it aims at comparing the cost and effects or results ( cost-effectiveness ) of haemodialysis for diabetic nephropathy utilizing the comparator of making nil, which in this instance is the pharmaceutical direction of patients with diabetic kidney diseases to detain patterned advance of ESRD. This is particularly relevant to the wellness system in St. Lucia, as concerns on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its rate of addition, and the determination to spread out the service to two new installations in the absenc e of research requires that a better apprehension of the range and magnitude of the entire economic load of ESRD and the cost effectivity of dialysis intervention for diabetics with ESRD. The findings will assist to inform those doing policy determinations, and may be utile in set uping a set of precedences for farther research, bar plans, and in the planning of alternate interventions to assist relieve that load. Methodology This survey uses a retrospective attack to data aggregation. The survey population was selected from the lone public Renal Unit which forms portion of the general infirmary, Victoria infirmary. While there is another Nephritic Unit of measurement in St. Lucia that offers dialysis, it is a portion of the private infirmary which did non wish to take part in this survey. The survey population comprised ESRD patients with diabetic kidney diseases. Patients were considered depending on whether they received haemodialysis or whose diabetes was being pharmaceutically managed to detain ESRD patterned advance. Of the 111 patients on dialysis, 45 were due to diabetic kidney disease and 21 were actively having organ transplant at the clip the survey was being conducted. The nephrologists identified 12 ESRD patients who were non having dialysis but were being managed pharmaceutically. All diabetics who are or have been on dialysis with end-stage nephritic disease for the period 2002-2009 and were having dialysis due to diabetic kidney diseases were included in the survey. Persons were excluded from this survey if they were on dialysis prior to being diagnosed with diabetes. The comparator group differs from the haemodialysis group merely in the signifier of intervention that they are having, dwelling of all patients with ESRD due to diabetic kidney diseases who are non having dialysis but whose diabetes is sharply managed with medicine to detain ESRD patterned advance. Chronic conditions such as ESRD require uninterrupted intervention and as a effect a cost-effectiveness of intervention options over a period of clip for a cohort of patients, employs the usage of the Markov theoretical account to look into long term costs and results. The Markov theoretical account developed for this survey describes the procedure of attention observing that patients were assigned or began their patterned advance through the theoretical account in either of two provinces, hospital haemodialysis or pharmaceutical direction of type 2 diabetes to detain ESRD patterned advance, and decease signifies the terminal of the rhythm. A systematic literature reappraisal was conducted of peer-reviewed economic ratings of dialysis intervention modes among diabetic patients. Ebscohost and PubMed were searched utilizing the keywords cost-effectiveness, dialysis, end-stage nephritic disease and diabetic kidney disease and was limited to articles published in the last 12 old ages ( 2000-2011 ) , some articles, if they fell out of the selected old ages of publication were accepted based on the strength of their findings. The inclusion standards identified articles that included the keywords in the capable headers every bit good as the usage of Renal Replacement Therapy/economics, Renal Dialysis/economics, Hemodialysis Units, or Kidney Failure. If they included the term peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis they were besides included. Exclusion standards of articles were identified as non-English articles and those that did non compare intervention options. More than 500 articles were identified but 31 were selected for ma nual reappraisal. Data on wellness attention costs, passage to other wellness provinces and quality of life were imputed into the Markov theoretical account. Data was obtained from the Renal Unit at the Victoria Hospital, the public wellness installation. Data on quality of life was obtained utilizing the 15D, a multidimensional, standardised generic instrument to mensurate quality or health-related quality of life ( Sintonen, 2001 ) . The 15D was used since it combines the advantages of a profile and individual index mark step that describes the wellness position by measuring 15 dimensions. The mean mark value for each dimension was used to find the wellness related quality of life in the survey population. The usage of the 15D used to mensurate quality of life result was reported in QALYs, a step of the load of disease that included the quality and measure of life lived against a pecuniary value, medical intervention or intercession. The mean mark value for each dimension measured by the 15D was used to find the wellness related quality of life of the survey population utilizing the graduated table provided by Sintonen ( 2001 ) . The findings were standardized against the load of disease markers identified by the WHO ( Ref ) . Other variables were considered in the survey and a standard questionnaire was administered to the survey population to obtain informations on the socio-economic position of individuals within the survey population. The socio-demographic questionnaire was tested against a pool of eight individuals from those who are on dialysis for grounds other than diabetic nephropathy and who were as similar to the survey population in footings of gender, instruction, socio-economic position and geographic location. Contented analysis was used to measure the information obtained from the socio-demographic questionnaire. All survey participants were provided with a missive refering namelessness and confidentiality and informed consent was obtained prior to engagement. Ethical blessing was obtained from the IRB at St. George ‘s University and the moralss commission of the Ministry of Health in St. Lucia. Costss Cost-effectiveness was examined from a governmental position utilizing the clinical records of the Division of Nephrology patient enrollment and charge systems at the Victoria Hospital coupled with information from published surveies on endurance and quality of life among diabetic nephropathy patients. The theoretical account used included the direct wellness service costs associated with the intervention options, and an one-year cost per patient was calculated for each wellness province in the theoretical account. Direct health care costs associated with dialysis usage included bing regular dialysis Sessionss, complications of the dialysis, such as curdling of the fistulous withers or hypotension episodes, research lab trials and services required as a effect of dialysis and medicine usage as a consequence of intervention. Premises were made on the regularity of direct health care cost associated with dialysis, such as regularity of research lab testing and blood transfusions. Micro -costing, roll uping informations on staffing, consumables, capital, and operating expenses were used to find the cost of one session of haemodialysis ( Table 1 ) . Structured interviews were used to obtain inside informations sing staff clip allocated to dialysis activities, every bit good as the regularity of other services used as a consequence of the intervention options. The survey identified capital points as the edifice infinite allotted to the Unit for intervention, and equipment such as the dialysis machines and air conditioner unit. Costss have been reported in Eastern Caribbean Dollars ( EC ) presented at the 2008 degree and an tantamount one-year cost calculated utilizing a 3 per centum price reduction rate over the predicted life span. Muennig ( 2008 ) argues that a governmental position can include some facets of transportantion costs. Evidence from the Minstry of Communication and Works and the conveyance board imply that there is no nationally agreed policy for conveyance costs. There are fluctuations across St. Lucia in footings of milage, hence for the intents of our analysis, conveyance costs are excluded. The survey reviewed costs over an 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2009 ) . This clip frame was partially determined by the handiness of the informations two old ages after the programme was initiated and the premises made with mention to the analysis were tabulated ( Table 2 ) . Incremental costs per QALY gained were calculated by utilizing the estimations of costs and QALYs for each of the two modes obtained from the theoretical account, and the findings were presented as incremental costs per QALY. A one-way sensitiveness analysis was used to look into variableness in the information, changing the price reduction rate from 3 % to 5 % the age weights and disablement weights. A concluding sensitiveness analysis of mortality rates was besides conducted since the premise was that the mortality rates for haemodialysis were the same as those of pharmaceutical direction of ESRD diabetics. Consequences [ Presentation of Results†¦ ] Discussion [ Discussion of Results and deductions†¦ ] Locke ( 1987 ) is a advocate of the position that all surveies have built-in restrictions and boundary line. Primary and secondary information was used in this survey. Jankowich ( 2005 ) warns of the restrictions of the usage of secondary informations, as the methodological analysis used in garnering secondary informations has come into inquiry. The survey was limited by the truth and quality of the informations, which Basch ( 1999 ) argues is a repeating job in developing states. The questionnaire as a tool for garnering information airss some disadvantages, as it does non supply an chance for inquiries to be clarified or to verify that replies are understood or that all inquiries are answered. In add-on it means that the individuals being surveyed must hold the pre-requisite literacy accomplishments. This restriction was minimized by pre-testing the socio-demographic questionnaire was tested against a pool of eight individuals from those who were on dialysis for grounds other than diabetic nephropathy and who were as similar to the survey population in footings of gender, instruction, socio-economic position and geographic location, ( Table 2 ) . Another restriction to the survey was the inability to prove the 15D questionnaire as it could non be altered to be more specific. Low response rate every bit good as non-response prejudice for the questionnaire may significantly skew the information as the survey population is so little. Jankowicz ( 2005 ) argues that coaction is maximized when respondents are in some sense rewarded for cooperation and that these wagess outweigh the cost in footings of money and attempt. To accomplish this, respondents were shown that their information was valued and the construction of the questionnaire would necessitate really small in footings of clip and attempt. The absence of other surveies that compared the intervention modes used in this survey serves as a restriction of this paper, but it remains the lone feasible comparator that was available to the research worker. There are restrictions and troubles in any effort to cipher the average cost of a dialysis session, particularly in public installations where cost is subsidized ( commendation? ) , as every aspect of attention and cost associated with the session must be taken into consideration. Consequently premises were made on cost for direct and indirect services related to intervention options compared in this survey, ( Muennig, 2008 ) . Premises are justified as this is a non-funded research with clip restraints and a demand to cut down cost drivers. The survey was besides limited in its position as it could non show on national costs from a social position such as the patient ‘s ability to work or the chance costs. The strength of the survey lies in the usage of triangulation to garner and analyze informations to determine their common decision, effectivity based on costs and QALYs. Decrop ( 1999 ) concurs that one of the chief ways to avoid the combative issue of cogency and dependability is the usage of triangulation. He defines triangulation as â€Å" looking at the same phenomenon, or research inquiry from more than one information beginning † ( p158 ) . Information coming from different angles can be utilised to confirm, lucubrate or clear up the research inquiry. Denzin ( 1978 ) besides claims that triangulation bounds personal and methodological prejudice every bit good as enhances the survey ‘s generalizability. The usage of the Markov theoretical account is an built-in strength of the survey. Gonzalez-Perez, Vale, Stearns, and Wordsworth ( 2005 ) argue that the theoretical account ‘s ability to predict comparative effectivity and cost overtime makes it appropriate for patterning chronic intervention options such as RRT. The usage of cost-effectiveness to find QALYs is advantage and the usage of a standardised instrument to mensurate QALY besides strengthens the survey. The 15D is recognised as by and large being a little measuring load to both respondents and research workers. As an rating tool it is extremely dependable due to its repeatability of measurings with minimized random mistake. The consequences generated are valid because of the grade of assurance that research workers can put on the illations that are drawn from the tonss. Sintonen ( 2001 ) posits that as an instrument to mensurate cost-effectiveness, it is peculiarly suited for ciphering quality-adjusted life old ages ( QALY ) . Choice prejudice is limited in this survey due to recruiting of the full mark population. This is the first survey of its sort in the part and it does non hold any concern associations, an built-in strength to this survey. It is able to function as a precursor to farther research and therefore is poised to assist steer policies on how cost-effectiveness surveies are done in the part and their application to decision-making in health care. The enlargement of haemodialysis to run into the turning ESRD population, and an increased incidence of diabetic kidney disease in St. Lucia has deductions for the findings of this survey. It is of import that focal point is directed at primary, secondary and third intercessions aimed at cut downing cost of diabetic attention and accordingly complications from diabetes, such as diabetic kidney disease. Primary intercessions are the most cost-efficient. Health publicities to cut down hazard of developing diabetes, which is a hazard factor for ESRD, needs to go portion of the authorization of the Ministry of wellness. A policy on Chronic Diseases developed within the primary health care program that presently exist, would assist steer that focal point. Mann et Al. ( 2010 ) argue cautiousness against population based testing for CKD, and recommend that testing, as a secondary intercession, should concentrate on at hazard populations. Their survey concluded that ‘targeted showing of people with diabetes is associated with an acceptable cost per QALY in publically funded health care systems ‘ . Such an attack can be adopted in the wellness system in St. Lucia. While the bulk of cost-effectiveness analysis of intervention modes for diabetic nephropathy focal points on the disease at its latent or progressed phase, Glassock ( 2010 ) noted that a survey by Gearde et Al. ( 2008 ) identified that early sensing of diabetic kidney disease and intensive pharmaceutical intercessions are non merely cost effectual but significantly reduces the hazard of ESRD among type 2 diabetics. These findings are replicated in a survey by Keane and Lyle ( 2003 ) and Szucs et Al. ( 2004 ) who found that Losartan reduced the incidence of ESRD among diabetics. They went on to reason that albuminuria which is the ‘single most powerful forecaster ‘ of in type 2 diabetes is a simple and cheap showing trial, and early sensing can take to the early disposal of drugs that have been proven to cut down ESRD incidence. Cost-effectiveness analysis is able to supply valuable penetration to prioritising within health care and so the findings of this survey is able to supply grounds to back up efficiency in the usage of limited resources. Policy-makers should utilize these findings to reexamine the determination to spread out the figure of haemodialysis centres in St. Lucia. Further research to place more cost-efficient intervention options would be the first measure to bettering efficiency of resource allotment. The domination of haemodialysis as a intervention mode for ESRD, despite the overplus of surveies that have identified it as the least cost-efficient of RRTs, ( Haller et al. , 2011 ; Just et al. , 2008, Kontodimopoulos A ; Niakas, 2008 ) , provides the wellness sector, with the grounds needed to revise intervention protocols and an chance to improved cost-effectiveness of ESRD intervention. This can be achieved by significantly cut downing the usage of haemodialysis and introducing as an option, peritoneal dialysis which have been cited as being the most effectual of dialysis options. Just et al. cautiousness that the economic sciences of dialysis in the underdeveloped universe, where labor may be cheaper than the importing of equipment and solutions, may take to the perceptual experience that peritoneal dialysis is more expensive than haemodialysis. They go on to observe that this is non conclusive as there is a famine in economic ratings in developing states to confirm that posit ion. A good developed CKD Care Program is able to significantly cut down the chance of developing ESRD among at hazard populations, every bit good as significantly lower health care costs among ESRD patients, ( Wei et al. , 2010 ) . There is a demand to spread out the services offered by the Renal Unit every bit good as its coverage to assist accomplish that terminal. Decision [ Conclusion based on findings ] How to cite Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Impact of Media on Health Care-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Critical analysis of the role and power of Current Australian Media. 2.Identify the Influence of the Media in relation to Culturally Safe Care. 3.Select two Media items one Positive Contributes and one Negative Potentially detracts and Investigate how each demonstrates their potential Influenceon Cultural Safety in Health Care. Answer: Introduction The current assignment focuses on the role of Australian media in influencing the practices adopted and health behaviour of the people. In this respect, media has been defined as powerful tool in redefining the myths possessed by the societies. However, the provision of support and health care services with respect to a multicultural society often becomes difficult. This could be attributed to the huge number of paradoxes faced by the health support service providers. In this context, the immigration of people from different cultural backgrounds within the country with diverse values and beliefs becomes a limiting factor. The immigrants often have to deal with language barriers with respect to communicating in English. Moreover, the cultural paradoxes possessed by them may result in disagreements with the current health care sector. The choice of media also plays a crucial factor over here such as print media and social networking tools. The media have been found to have a profound effect in convincing the economy towards the right usage of the health care tools. Moreover, the media is often limited in its outreach to people. Additionally, incomplete and false information provided by the media can also hamper the culturally safe practices adopted by the people. 1.Role and power of Australian media in impacting health care The Current social and print media of the Australian market bears a huge responsibility towards making the public aware about the best health care approaches. In this respect, the media bears as much responsibility towards making the public aware about health concerns and practices as for any other findings and reports. In this context, the present health care market based in Australia has to cater to the health requirement of a multicultural society. The limitations are often faced with respect to the barriers in terms of the pre-conceived notions possessed by the society regarding certain health care practices. This is further influenced by individual society and perception possessed by a certain section of the society. As suggested by Smith (2007), economic limitations often prevent few people from availing of the required health services. The media can play an effective role in provision of the required information to the needy. This is because often limitation of knowledge possessed by a specific group of people influences them into making the wrong choices. The journalists possess a huge responsibility towards informing the people about relevant medication and sources. For the purpose of which they need to conduct effect study and research for gathering sufficient information. They need to narrow down the search to the right keywords and articles for producing an effective read to the population (Kline, 2006). Therefore, the provision of superfluous information may generate anxieties and fear in the minds of people (Brascoup, 2009). The media needs to be guarded in the presentation of its facts and interpretations. The media needs to provide an interface where open-ended questionnaire are presented to the readers. In this context, the option is left open to them in deciding the preferred mode of action. However, the journalists cannot become the advocates of the causes by putting in a one sided view (Talbot, 2009). Therefore, to provide a proper conclusion to the facts and interpretations sufficient research and analysis are required. In this respect, the two different forms of media have been presented over here such as social media and the print media. The social media however has added advantage for reaching to a widespread population. Moreover, people find it more comfortable in accessing internet for finding information than reading books and journals. Additionally, the second option faced a number of challenges as far as language literacy rates are concerned (DeSouza R. , 2008). Moreover, some of the journals being pricey cannot be accessed easily by the each and every one. However, internet comes in much easy and flexible packages making it s a benefit. The social media is supposed to be more powerful in bringing about a paradigm within the health cultural practices in Australia. This is because of its ability in offering a much wider platform for group discussion. This often helps in clearing up of the fog present in the minds of people related to certain health practices. The print media have often been f ound to present one-sided judgments regarding certain medications and practices. Thus, a balanced and comprehensive presentation of the subject is required for neutralizing the false myths and knowledge been in circulation 2.Effect of media on implementing culturally safe practice Implementation of methods of cultural safety practices are believed to empower the support users of the health care services. In this respect, there is a need to understand the virtues propagated under the lineage of cultural safe practices. The culturally safe environment is defined as one, which ensures the overall well being of an individual(Anderson, 2006). This encompasses physical, mental and emotional well being of a person. The, promotions of cultural safe practices are dependent upon the concept of sharing. This refers to the sharing of knowledge and individual learning. Therefore, adopting culturally safe practices by the Australian media would mean providing sufficient space to the multicultural segment of the society. The media therefore, needs to provide proper respect to individual segments of the society and their thought processes (DeSouza R. , 2008). This provides more autonomy to the target segment of population in voicing of their opinions against any heath peril t hat they might be subjected. The media can promote or enhance the cultural safety depending on a number of factors such as reflecting on the cultures, values and beliefs possessed by the multicultural society. Thus, effective measures needs to be taken to enhance active communication within the culturally diverse groups and the mediators of health services. This could be done by the presentation of sufficient and needful information to the target population group. Some of the examples could be considered over here such as the use where media role has been seen to generate increased conflict within the present population. In December 2004, there have been many speculations about the site effects of a single dose of nevirapine. The same has been seen to prevent the transmission of infection from HIV infected mother to foetus. However, a media report had suggested that the side effects of the drug have been controlled. This resulted in mixed reactions within the population by generating fear and anxieties in the mi nds of the people. However, the experts believed that such information might enhance the rate of neonatal infections (Brascoup, 2009). The social media over here possess more autonomy in empowering culturally safe practices. Some of these practices are arranging of public health campaigns as well as availability of virtual doctors. This serves as a one-stop solution to most of the problems a person might encounter in attending the required health services. Additionally, the social media also comes with the added benefits where people with similar health conditions could strike a conversation with each other. This help them in narrowing down their anxieties and acts as a stable emotional support. The social media has brought about a revolution in community and public health by providing sufficient opportunity to share relevant information (Ellen, 2006). However, the social media is not devoid of any loopholes, which may threaten the safe cultural practices. Some of these are privacy concern issues regarding the information shared by an individual with a group or community. The data sharing tools need to be optimized regarding for maintenance of the security concerns. Additionally, the social media sites providing information regarding health issues need to be neutral in its mode of address to the users. This is because use of unnecessary biasness or favouritism may lead to generation of negative feeling within the population. 3.Positive and negative evaluation of different types of media There are a number of negative and positive impacts of media on the well being of people. In this respect, two such forms of media are dominant in the Australian market such as social media and the print media. Therefore, there is a need to measure the pros and cons associated with both the forms of media. The print media has been limited in its approach with respect to reaching out to huge number of people. Moreover, the facts presented there in are a mere summary of the present problem or situation. It may not be in lieu with the advanced research plan and may serve as a major drawback. Moreover, most of the current print media in Australia fails to provide sufficient coverage current and emerging health practices (Zavyalova, 2012). In this respect, the role of the media as health journalists could be highlighted. This is because though there are proper rules and regulations, which may prevent the sale of illegal medicines. Recent reports have shown that illegal and prohibited drugs have been unscrupulously sold in the market. This is attributable to the unavailibity of substitute medicine or drugs in the market. The media can keep a check over the sale of such banned medicines by keeping the public informed regarding the same. Similarly, the loopholes of social media need to be emphasized upon here, which is presentation of limited knowledge not supported by sufficient facts. This results in the generation of false ideas within the population regarding certain health implications and practices. However, false representation regarding the use of particular group of medicines may result in a fix situation (Enemark, 2014). This may result in people either overtaking a particular group of medicine or boycotting the same. Similarly, the public ads designed for use over some of the media sites such have far and wide reach. However, media could be effectively used for the promotion of effective campaigns. Some of these campaigns such as anti-smoking over some of the most visited social networking sites such as facebook may serve an effective purpose. This is because the young age group who are mostly under peer pressure frequents these sites. Therefore, such measures could prevent the cultural as well as the ethi cal practices of the people. Conclusion The assignment focuses on the aspect of the role of media in influencing the beliefs and values possessed by the people. These values further affect the methods and health practices adopted by them. The Australian health care sector dealing with multicultural immigrants has to face a number of challenges in provision of the support services. In this context, a number of the barriers are faced by the health catering agencies. The limitations are mainly based upon the cultural interest and the economical stability possessed different sectors. Most often, the organizations looking after the health needs of the people are limited in their outreach. The media can emerge as a powerful tool over there in educating the public about the correct methods and practices. Moreover, some of the social behaviours adopted by the people such as drinking and smoking can have serious effect upon the health of people. There is a need to bring to the notice of the people the harmful sides of negative health behaviour. Additionally, the resources of the Australian health market are limited in nature. There is a need is a need to direct the resources through proper channel and routes to a significant proportion of the population. Therefore, the media can play a powerful role in mitigating the problems encountered in the field of health care. 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